人工智能将颠覆传统农业,你准备好了吗(中英双语)

人工智能正在颠覆农业领域。这并不是夸大其词，我们所熟知的农业正在被重新定义。一听到农业，大部分人脑海里浮现的是这样的场景：隔壁农民老王穿着工作服开着他的拖拉机在广袤的田地上突突地转圈。但是，这种场景我们的孙子辈可能看不到了。

Artificial intelligence is disrupting agriculture. This is not an exaggeration, and the agriculture as we know it is being redefined. Hearing agriculture, most people think of a scene where Lao Wang, a farmer next door, drives his tractor around a vast field. But it may not be seen to our grandchildren.

过去十年里，室内种植技术取得长足进展，室内农业的发展前景越加清晰可见，它正变得越来越受欢迎。之所以会产生在室内进行耕作这种想法，最主要的原因就是想要加强控制。

In the past decade, indoor planting technology has made great progress, and the future of indoor agriculture is more visible, it is becoming more and more popular. The main reason for the idea of farming indoors is to strengthen control.

通过室内农业，农作物的生长环境可以得到充分的掌握。只要有钱，任何因素都可以控制：光线、温度、二氧化碳浓度、肥料、水、通风等等。这种控制会带来显而易见的好处，比如农作物产量提升、成熟速度加快、耗水量减少，凡此种种在一小块土地上就都可以实现了。

Through indoor agriculture, the growth environment of crops can be fully grasped. As long as there is money, any factor can be controlled: light, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, fertilizer, water, ventilation and so on. Such controls can bring obvious benefits, such as higher crop yields, faster ripening, and less water consumption, which can be achieved on a small piece of land.

人工智能如何振兴农业?

How does AI revitalize agriculture?

人工智能通过利用实时数据，采用一系列方法优化农作物生长，以此改良农业。如前所述，室内农业可以通过监测各种因素来掌控农作物的生长环境。

Artificial intelligence improves agriculture by using real-time data and using a series of methods to optimize crop growth. As mentioned earlier, indoor agriculture can control the growth environment of crops by monitoring various factors.

举个例子，Bowery Farming公司测量了一系列数据，包括“光谱、光周期(昼/夜循环)、光照度、灌溉计划、肥料、通风、温度、湿度以及二氧化碳浓度”。接着，他们通过机器学习算法对这些数据进行处理，制定出合理的干预程序。

For example, Bowery Farming measured a range of data, including "spectrum, photoperiod (day / night cycle), illumination, irrigation plans, fertilizer, ventilation, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration."Next, they processed the data through machine learning algorithms to develop reasonable intervention procedures.

通过反复实践和训练，当控制系统储存了足够多的数据库，就会变得比人类还“聪明”。该系统能够通过叶子的颜色来检测植物的健康状况。一旦识别出问题，就会立即开始应对。这里具体的问题是什么不是很清楚，但可以先假设问题在于缺乏光照。那么，人工智能就会增加这盘芝麻菜的光照时长。请注意这里的说法，增加的是特定的某一盘作物的光照时长。没错，人工智能可以做到对每一株作物和每一托盘植株进行个性化照料。

Through repeated practice and training, when the control system stores enough databases, it becomes "smarter" than humans. The system is able to detect plant health by the color of the leaves. Once a problem is identified, the response begins immediately. What is the specific problem here is not very clear, but one can first assume that the problem is the lack of light exposure. AI, then, will increase the light duration of this arugula. Note the statement here that the addition is the length of light for a particular crop. Yes, AI can personalize the care of every crop and every pallet.

这真的太神奇了。实际上，我们可以实现将数千种作物种植在同一片土地上，并且同时分别给予特殊照顾，使得每一种作物都能够蓬勃生长。

This is really amazing. In fact, we can grow thousands of crops on the same land, and give them special care separately at the same time, so that each crop can flourish.

实现这样的操作依靠的是人工智能的一个技术分支——机器学习。室内农业的大机器从每个种植周期中收集大量的测量数据。然后，机器学习算法对这些数据进行处理，从中学习以实现下一个生长周期的优秀优化。每一次种下一株植物时，一次生长流程追踪就开始了。

Such an operation depends on —— machine learning, a technical branch of artificial intelligence. Large machines for indoor agriculture collect large amounts of measurements from each planting cycle. Machine learning algorithms then process these data, learning from it to achieve excellent optimization for the next growth cycle. Each time a plant is planted, a growth process trace begins.

最终，这些记录汇总成种植某种作物的一份“秘方”。这张秘方之后可以用于该种作物的种植，勾画出合理的生长轨迹，以实现优秀的收成。

Eventually, the records are aggregated into a "secret recipe" for growing a certain crop. This secret recipe can then be used to grow the crop, sketching out a reasonable growth trajectory to achieve a good harvest.

有了这些数据，我们不仅可以知道种植一株植物的用水量，还可以知道何时浇水合适。其他指标也是同样的道理。这些就够让人兴奋，但它能做到的还远远不止这些!

With these data, we can not only know how much water is used to grow a plant, but also when to water it properly. The same goes for other indicators. That's exciting enough, but it's much more than that!

这些秘方会不断进行自我完善，以高效的方式使每种作物达到最优风味。通过对生长过程中的每一个因素做出细微的调整，从而找到合适的生长模式。甚至针对同一种作物的每一个托盘，其具体影响因子也可以调整。也就是说，生产一旦开始，成千上万场提高产量的试验也就开始了。而最妙的地方是，这些实验不会带来额外的生产成本。

These secret recipes will continue to improve themselves to achieve the optimal flavor of each crop in an efficient way. Find the appropriate growth pattern by making subtle adjustments to each factor in the growth process. Even for each tray of the same crop, the specific impact factor can be adjusted. In other words, once production begins, thousands of thousands of trials to increase production will begin. The best part is that these experiments bring in no additional production costs.

最后，当作物到了丰收的时候，完成所有种植并进行科学测验的这套系统也会通知工作人员，告诉他们哪些托盘的作物应该收割了。从种植到收割，人工智能改良了整个农业生产流程。人工智能为室内农业提供了一套自动化管理系统，有了这套系统，种植越多，了解就越深入。

Finally, when the crop reaches a good harvest, the system, which completes all the planting and conducts scientific tests, also informs the staff about which trays of crops should be harvested. From planting to harvesting, AI improves the entire agricultural production process. Artificial intelligence provides an automated management system for indoor agriculture, with which the more you plant, the deeper you understand.

未来的影响

Impact of the future

现在，人工智能对室内农业的影响在商业和消费领域已经显现出来了。大部分室内农业公司的背后都有大型企业的支撑。

Now, the impact of AI on indoor agriculture is already visible in both the commercial and consumer areas. Most indoor agricultural companies are backed by large enterprises.

为了实现在最短的时间内将食品送上门，公司需要配套相应的基础设施。室内农业就提供了这样的基础设施，可以实现在任何地点耕作，并且在最短时间内产出。实现室内农业的战略性选址，就可以打破运输带来的瓶颈，同时提高产品新鲜度。

In order to deliver the food to the door in the shortest possible time, the company needs to support the corresponding infrastructure. Indoor agriculture provides such infrastructure that can be cultivated in any place and produced in the shortest time. Realizing the strategic site selection of indoor agriculture can break the bottleneck brought by transportation and improve the freshness of products.

此外，消费者对有机食物的需求是一个商机。室内农业就是有机的，生长环境得到控制，也就不需要农药了。

In addition, consumer demand for organic food is a business opportunity. Indoor agriculture is organic, the growth environment is controlled, also do not need pesticides.

一些公司正致力于将有机农业带到消费者家中。Seedo就是这样一家公司。他们有一种小型的设备，长得像一个迷你冰箱，可以种植任何东西。这个设备带有一个集成式应用程序，只要输入正在种植的作物类型，剩下的就都可以交给设备了。它会在可以收获的时候发出提醒，也可以通过内置摄像机，实现对作物随时随地的监测。

Some companies are working on bringing organic farming to consumers' homes. Seedo is one such company. They have a small device that looks like a mini refrigerator and can plant anything. The device comes with an integrated application, leaving the rest of the type of crop being planted. It reminds them when they can be harvested, or it can use built-in cameras to monitor crops anytime, anywhere.

诸如此类的创新可能会就此改变我们的生活，人工智能和室内农业在解决粮食短缺问题乃至将粮食带到发展中国家等方面起到至关重要的作用。尽管这些地区的限制主要在于能源消耗和基础设施，但是低成本的温室水培作业同样可以解决问题，可以借助先进人工智能预先安装的树莓派(raspberry pi)。

Such innovations as this could change our lives, and AI and indoor agriculture could play a crucial role in addressing food shortages and even bringing food to developing countries. Although the limitations in these areas are mainly energy consumption and infrastructure, low-cost greenhouse hydroponic operations can also solve the problem, with advanced AI pre-installed Raspberry PI (raspberry pi).

布雷特·布莱恩说：“农业是希望之业。”这句话原本的含义是在形容传统的种植过程中，种下种子企盼一年好收成的情形。笔者认为，人工智能和室内农业也可以被视为希望之业。农业与技术的新结合让我感到满怀希望，希望有一天每个人都能获得稳定持续的食物来源。

Brett Bryan said: " Agriculture is a business of hope."The original meaning is to describe the traditional process of planting, seeds planted for a good harvest. The author thinks that artificial intelligence and indoor agriculture can also be regarded as the hope industry. The new combination of agriculture and technology makes me feel hopeful that one day everyone will get a steady and continuous food source.

新农人需要更多的知识，掌握AI相关应用技术是第一要务，否则我们将没有“资格”作新农人

New farmers need more knowledge, and mastering AI-related application technology is the first priority, otherwise we will not be "qualified" to be new farmers

2022年7月，农业农村部办公厅、国家乡村振兴局综合司、国家开发银行办公室、中国农业发展银行办公室发布《关于推进政策性开发性金融支持农业农村基础设施建设的通知》，提出政策性、开发性金融机构要在符合国家法规和信贷政策的前提下，优先安排信贷规模，为农业农村基础设施项目提供更多长周期、低成本贷款。在该文件中明确的七大重点领域中，现代设施农业占据一席之地。

In July 2022, agricultural NongCunBu general office, the office of the bureau, China development bank office of the policy developmental financial support agricultural rural infrastructure construction notice, put forward policy, developmental financial institutions should be in accordance with the premise of national regulations and credit policy, priority arrangement credit scale, for agricultural rural infrastructure projects to provide more long cycle, low-cost loans. Among the seven key areas identified in the document, modern facilityculture occupies a place.

2023年3月，农业农村部办公厅、中国农业银行办公室印发《金融助力畜牧业高质量发展工作方案》，提出支持发展设施化规模化养殖，加大对畜禽规模养殖场中长期贷款、固定资产贷款等支持力度；大力拓宽抵质押品范围，将土地经营权、养殖圈舍、大型养殖机械、畜禽活体纳入可接受押品范围。

Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Office of the Agricultural Bank of China issued the Work Plan for Finance for High-quality Development of Animal Husbandry, proposing to support the development of large-scale breeding and increase the support for medium and long-term loans and fixed asset loans for livestock and poultry farms; greatly expand the scope of collateral, and include land management rights, breeding housing, large-scale breeding machinery and live livestock and poultry into the scope of acceptable collateral.

从各地的实践来看，多家银行机构推出了“大棚贷”“农机贷”等信贷产品，有效解决农户发展设施农业的资金问题；非银金融机构利用融资租赁等模式，服务大型农机销售、租赁企业，在支持机械化方面发挥了重要作用。针对农业科技研发和成果转化，各地利用知识产权质押贷款、政府引导基金、风险共担机制，有效拓宽金融服务渠道，增强金融机构的工作主动性和积极性。

launched credit products such as "greenhouse loan" and "agricultural machinery loan" to effectively solve the capital problem of farmers to develop facility agriculture; non-bank financial institutions serve large agricultural machinery sales and leasing enterprises, and play an important role in supporting mechanization. In view of the research and development of agricultural science and technology and the transformation of achievements, local governments have made use of intellectual property pledge loans, government guidance funds and risk-sharing mechanisms toeffectively expand financial service channels and enhance the work initiative and enthusiasm of financial institutions.

据估算，未来5到10年，仅高标准农田、设施农业等投资需求有近15万亿元，但现有金融产品在针对性和多样性方面还有短板。面对不断增加的资金需求，如何创新金融产品和服务、助力设施农业由机械化向数智化转轨，仍需金融机构更进一步探索。

It is estimated that in the next five to 10 years, only the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture will reach nearly 15 trillion yuan, but the existing financial products still have shortcomings in terms of pertinence and diversity. In the face of the increasing demand for funds, financial institutions still need to further explore how to innovate financial products and services and help the transformation of facility agriculture from mechanization to digital intelligence.

智能农业将是一个知识密集型产业，对从业者的要求很高。这种情况下的新农人，仅有农业相关专业知识显然是不够的；必须要同时掌握“植物工厂”技术，与商超对接……。种田会变得很轻松，但对知识的要求也会很高；种田的职业让人羡慕，但仅有“十年寒窗”苦读显然不够；如果有志成为这样的新农人，应该现在就努力！为实现目标，加油吧！！

Smart agriculture will be a knowledge-intensive industry, with high requirements for practitioners. In this case, new farmers are not enough for agriculture; they must simultaneously master "plant factory" technology and connect with the supermarket..... Farming will become very easy, but the requirement for knowledge will be high, but only "ten years cold window" hard study is not enough; if aspiring to become such a new farmer, should work hard now! To achieve the goal, come on!!